Sedimentary basin analysis

EES lab assignment
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EES  2021

                        Lab 6 – Sedimentary Basin Analysis

Name________________________________________________        Date_________________

Buynevich and Thacker, after Souders, v.2020 (Modified for remote teaching). Modified from Terry, 2003

The Geologic history/setting of an area can be interpreted with an understanding of the variation in lateral and vertical facies. The goal of this exercise is to use well log data from a drilling company to interpret the geologic setting. The company also has a few questions that need to be answered for a report to the American Association of Facies (AAF). Once you plot the data, use the lateral and vertical changes in facies to answer the questions.

Stratigraphic cross section of the Temple Basin

Method: Use the attached core data and plot the stratigraphic position of individual units. There are six facies that have been recognized in these cores. The well log data only have the abbreviation for the facies. The top of each unit in the well log is given as meters below the surface. Each core ends at 400 m below the surface. Be sure to include a legend for your facies at the top of the attached master cross-section figure (use colors or patterns).

Temple Basin Core Facies

Cg: Pinkish gray conglomerate, varying from clast to matrix supported. Many of the pebbles and cobbles in this unit are from the underlying granite basement rock.

G: Granite basement rock.

L: Brownish black lacustrine (lake) claystone with fish fossils and mollusk shells.

M: Modern soil and unconsolidated sediments

Ms: Mudstone, reddish-brown to brown, with root traces and occasional vertebrate fossils.

Ss: Trough cross-bedded yellowish channel sandstone

V: White volcanic ash

Well Logs

Core H: M at 0 m; Ms at 60 m; Ss at 90 m; Ms at 100 m; V at 140 m; Ms at ~145 m; Ss at 150 m; Ms at 155 m; G at 200 m.

Core C: M at 0 m; L at 60 m; Cg at 70 m; Ss at 100 m; L at 120 m; Cg at 130 m; Ss at 160 m; Cg at 180 m; L at 220 m; Ss at 230 m; Cg at 240 m; L at 280 m; Ss at 290 m; G at 320 m. 

Core G: M at 0 m; Ms at 60 m; Ss at 80 m; Ms at 90 m; Ss at 120 m; Ms at 130 m; V at 160 m; Ms at ~162 m; Ss at 190 m; Ms at 200 m; G at 240 m.

Core A: M at 0 m, Cg at 60 m; G at 100 m.

Core D: M at 0 m; Ss at 60 m; Cg at 80 m; Ms at 100 m; Ss at 110 m; Cg at 130 m; L at 160 m; Ms at 170 m; Ss at 175m; Cg at 180 m; Ms at 210 m; Ss at 220 m; L at 240 m; Ss at 250 m; L at 270 m; Ss at 280 m; G at 320 m.

Core E: M at 0 m; Ms at 60 m; Cg at 80 m; Ms at 100 m; L at 110 m; Ss at 120 m; L at 130 m; Ms at 160 m; Ss at 170 m; Ms at 190 m; Ss at 210 m; L at 220 m; Ss at 230 m; Ms at 250 m; Ss at 260 m; G at 280 m.

Core I: M at 0 m; Ms at 60 m; V at 120 m; Ms at ~130 m; G at 200 m.

Core F: M at 0 m; Ms at 60 m; Ss at 80 m; Cg at 90 m; Ms at 100 m; Ss at 120 m; Ms at 130 m; Ss at 140 m; Ms at 150 m; Ss at 170 m; Ms at 180 m; Ss at 200 m; Ms at 210 m; Ss at 220 m; Ms at 230 m; Ss at 240 m; G at 260 m.

Core B: M at 0 m; Ss at 60 m; Cg at 70 m; Ss at 100 m; Cg at 120 m; Ss at 150 m; L at 160 m; Ss at 170 m; Cg at 180 m; Ss at 210 m; L at 230 m; Ss at 240 m; Cg at 250 m; Ss at 280 m; L at 310 m; Cg at 320 m; G at 340 m. 

AAF Questions:

1. The facies designated by letters represent (bold one):  BIOFACIES       LITHOFACIES          ALLOFACIES

2. Draw the most continuous (found in adjacent cores) allofacies boundary (= parasequence boundary) where basal channel sandstone will contain mud rip-up clasts with fish bones.

3. Locate and draw (dashed line) a fault within the basin, which occurred before deposition began.

It occurs between adjacent cores (name the two letters):                            and

Name the fault type:                                               NORMAL            STRIKE-SLIP         REVERSE    

4. The source of the pink gravel is likely in the:                  EAST                    NORTH                     WEST

5. The volcanoes are located to the:                                     EAST                    SOUTH                      WEST

          Because

6. Why does the same volcanic ash layer appear deeper in the cores across the basin?

          Because

7. Using an arrow, point to the oldest lacustrine turbidite likely to contain a full Bouma sequence.

TEMPLE BASIN CORE LOGS                                                                            Name____________________

Facies Legend:

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